审题误区NO.2 误解关键词

与忽略关键词的人不同，有些同学过于执着于关键词的字面意思，而没能看出其背后的implication，从而被关键词限制住思路，无法下笔。比起忽略关键词，这种错误更常发生在细心且实力不错的同学身上，也很值得大家注意。笔者建议，在写文章的时候要灵活，不要拘泥于关键词的字面意思，否则理由很不好想，就算想出来也很难用英文表达。例如：

例3：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should spend more money on elementary school education than on university education.

题目的意思是说，比起投资大学教育，政府应该在小学教育上投入更多的资金。看到这个题，同学们会有不同的看法，大体来讲无非是两种——认为university education应该花更多的钱或反之。但是，大家很快会发现证明任何一种观点都是不容易的。比如说，有些同学可能会这样写：Agree. 1. Elementary school education involves more students than university education and it requires more money; 2. Colleges and universities have more sponsors than elementary schools so that the government should offer more financial support for the latter.

3. Since elementary school education is the cornerstone of university education, it deserves more money from the government.

上面的主题句看起来是没有问题的，然而在展开的时候困难重重——第一个点里说Pupils的数量多所以花钱多，这的确是事实，可是pupil人均所需要的经费却肯定比university students少，最关键的是，我们并没有数据作为支撑；第二点里说校友或社会人士的支持使得大学在财政方便面比小学要宽裕的多，然而，这还是一个没有数据就无法证明的观点；第三点里说elementary school education是university education的基础所以前者就应当比后者得到更多的预算，这是一个典型的逻辑错误，因此在段落展开的时候将会十分困难。A是B的基础并不意味着要为A花更多的钱。总之，钱本身就是一个可以量化的东西，如果真的以钱的多少来写这道题，在没有数据支持的情况下是很难成文的。许多同学之所以在写的时候觉得自己的文章很牵强，就是因为把该文当成了论述题，而大家要知道，论述题都是要会给出数据让我们来分析的。那么，在没有数据的情况下，这种题目该怎么写呢？找到money后面的implication很重要。其实，题目并不是要我们去讨论哪种教育应该花更多的钱，而是让我们去对比两种教育的重要性，自然地，更加重要的教育就应该花更多的钱。所以我们可以有以下论述：

(Main idea) I cannot agree that the government should spend more money on elementary school education than on university education, because they are equally important.

(Topic sentence) 1. Elementary school education prepares children for college education by teaching them how to learn and what they are supposed to learn.

2. University education helps students to be ready for the competitive job market by equip them with excellent knowledge for jobs and good communication skills.

(Conclusion) Since elementary school education and university education are both indispensable and irreplaceable parts of our lifelong education and they complete each other, it would be rigid to say that anyone of them deserves more money than the other.

其实，审题仅仅是写作考试的第一步，在这之后还有构思、寻找素材、语言表达等一系列步骤。在以后的文章中，笔者将会对这些内容进行详细的论述，告诉大家如何写出符合满分要求又achievable的文章。最后，附上笔者所作范一篇（例2），供大家参考。

选更好的，当然是新东方名师住宿班！

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Colleges and universities should offer

more preparation for student before they start working.

Colleges and universities are the very places where students prepare themselves for the competitive job market. They can take specialized courses, and they can participate in internships, and they can also attend club activities. Although universities and colleges have done much for students, there is still more they can do.

Many students today complain that their specialized courses cannot satisfy their need for practical skills and knowledge for specific careers. The enrollment of colleges and universities in my country has been increased considerably over the past decades, but the quality and the quantity of teachers and professors are not improved that much. Many newly graduated students without any field experience joined faculties due to the lack of teachers, and students find it hard to learn anything more than what their text books contain. Many students are disappointed by teachers who know nothing but reading books. Colleges and universities really should spend more money on hiring experienced and qualified teachers to teach specialized courses, providing students with what they really desire.

Internships and club activities provide students with chances to practice their social skills, but internships are always too short and club activities are not always available to all students. My sister is now a junior in university and she only had a two months’ internship during her summer vacation. She complained that since the internship was too short, the company did not take it seriously and she was required to do nothing but buying coffee or ordering meals on the phone and she seldom had chances to communicate with colleagues or clients. Club activities are only available to active students who attend “active clubs” like Student Union, and member of other clubs seldom have opportunities to organized activities due to their shortage of money, resources, and even authorization. Universities and colleges should allow students more time for internships and pay equal attention to all clubs instead of supporting the Student Union only.

University students today are very lucky to have opportunities to increase their knowledge of their challenges in the future, but they are still not fully prepared. Measures should be taken if colleges and universities aim to have them well prepared for the fierce competition ahead.